RLC Series (AC)

How it works

Series **R–L–C** driven by **V(t) = V₀ sin ωt**. Impedance **Z = R + j(ωL − 1/ωC)**. At **ω₀ = 1/√(LC)** the reactances cancel (**X_L = X_C**), **|Z| = R** is minimum, and **current** is maximum — **series resonance**. Current **lags** voltage when the load is net **inductive**, **leads** when net **capacitive**.

Key equations