Transverse vs Longitudinal

Interactive simulation — adjust parameters and watch the visualization update in real time.

How it works

Side-by-side visualization of the same sinusoidal traveling wave: transverse motion keeps particles near fixed x while they oscillate up and down; longitudinal motion slides particles along the propagation direction, stretching and squeezing the spacing (spring segments).

Key equations

Transverse: y(x,t) = A sin(kx − ωt),   k = 2π/λ
Longitudinal: u(x,t) = A sin(kx − ωt),   x′ = x + u